Methods of British Conquest in India :-
1) War
2) Treaty
Policies -> Doctrine of Lapse, Subsidiary Alliance
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British Conquest on the European powers: Portuguese, French, Dutch :
Portuguese(1602) :- first factory :- Cochin (1503)
> > -----Use of Feitorias (entry points) and cartaz system (passes).
> >------ 1612 Battle of Swally ( end of their era)
Dutch ( United East India Company 1602) :- first factory - Masulipatnam (1605), Surat (1616)
> >------ 1759 Battle of Bedara (defeated by English)
British (1600) :-first factory :- Surat (1609)
French (1664) :- first factory :- Surat (1668)
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During the rule of Jahangir the British company introduced first factory in India.
First Portuguese post :- Fort St. Angelo in 1505
First port constructed by British in India is Fort St. George (near Cochin) in 1664
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1st Carnatic War : 1744 - 48 :-- Europe : Austrian wars of successsion
>> Treaty of Ax-la Chapelle : Madras given back to British, Canada to the French
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2nd Carnatic War : 1749 - 54 :-- French attacked on Arcot , Capital of Carnatic. Later,French retreated from Arcot. But aftter the death of Nizam of Hyderabad, French interference in the wars of succession started. In 1755 they signed the treaty of Pondichrry with the English
---------------
---------------
3rd Carnatic War : 1756-63 :-- in Europe - 7 years war
>> France - England war to capture America
>> 1757 : Robert Clive captured french Base Chandranagar (Bengal)
>> 1758: French Count da lally attacked St. David fort ,Chennai.
>> 1760 : Battle of Wandiwash : defeat of the French
>> Besiege of Pondicherry by the British (Duplix). Later British retreated.
>> Treaty of Paris was signed :- French possessions in India were made protected states. No fortification was allowed, No standing army.
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UPSC QN :-- Reason for French defeat :-
The British had the advantage as they had partial control over Bengal. They had 3 important bases in India : Calcutta, Madras,and Bombay . While The French had only one important base at Pondicherry.
The victory of Plassy (1757) gave the company large area of rich resources.
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Points to Remember :--
------------------------------------
This marked the end of the British conquest over the European powers, Now, The British conquest over the French powers started.
--------------------------------------
The first European power to occupy Pondicherry was Portuguese. French was the 2nd one . During 1st Carnatic war, British also occupied Pondicherry.
------------------------------------
The Portuguese captured Goa in 1510.
------------------------------------
Under the leadership of Duplex, the French occupied Madras in 1746 1st Carnatic war.
In eastern India, East India Comapny opened their 1st factory in Orissa in 1663.
In South India, English first factory was at Masulipatnam.
1) War
2) Treaty
Policies -> Doctrine of Lapse, Subsidiary Alliance
----------------------------------------------------------------
British Conquest on the European powers: Portuguese, French, Dutch :
Portuguese(1602) :- first factory :- Cochin (1503)
> > -----Use of Feitorias (entry points) and cartaz system (passes).
> >------ 1612 Battle of Swally ( end of their era)
Dutch ( United East India Company 1602) :- first factory - Masulipatnam (1605), Surat (1616)
> >------ 1759 Battle of Bedara (defeated by English)
British (1600) :-first factory :- Surat (1609)
French (1664) :- first factory :- Surat (1668)
-----------------------------------------------------------
During the rule of Jahangir the British company introduced first factory in India.
First Portuguese post :- Fort St. Angelo in 1505
First port constructed by British in India is Fort St. George (near Cochin) in 1664
----------------------------------------------------------
1st Carnatic War : 1744 - 48 :-- Europe : Austrian wars of successsion
>> Treaty of Ax-la Chapelle : Madras given back to British, Canada to the French
---------------
---------------
2nd Carnatic War : 1749 - 54 :-- French attacked on Arcot , Capital of Carnatic. Later,French retreated from Arcot. But aftter the death of Nizam of Hyderabad, French interference in the wars of succession started. In 1755 they signed the treaty of Pondichrry with the English
---------------
---------------
3rd Carnatic War : 1756-63 :-- in Europe - 7 years war
>> France - England war to capture America
>> 1757 : Robert Clive captured french Base Chandranagar (Bengal)
>> 1758: French Count da lally attacked St. David fort ,Chennai.
>> 1760 : Battle of Wandiwash : defeat of the French
>> Besiege of Pondicherry by the British (Duplix). Later British retreated.
>> Treaty of Paris was signed :- French possessions in India were made protected states. No fortification was allowed, No standing army.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
UPSC QN :-- Reason for French defeat :-
- French East India company -- state undertaking. while British East India Company was private undertaking
- Directors : Appointed by Crown
- Lethargy (inactive dull) and Bureaucratic control over company .
The British had the advantage as they had partial control over Bengal. They had 3 important bases in India : Calcutta, Madras,and Bombay . While The French had only one important base at Pondicherry.
The victory of Plassy (1757) gave the company large area of rich resources.
---------------------------------------------------
Points to Remember :--
------------------------------------
This marked the end of the British conquest over the European powers, Now, The British conquest over the French powers started.
--------------------------------------
The first European power to occupy Pondicherry was Portuguese. French was the 2nd one . During 1st Carnatic war, British also occupied Pondicherry.
------------------------------------
The Portuguese captured Goa in 1510.
------------------------------------
Under the leadership of Duplex, the French occupied Madras in 1746 1st Carnatic war.
In eastern India, East India Comapny opened their 1st factory in Orissa in 1663.
In South India, English first factory was at Masulipatnam.
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