By
SOMEN SINGH
TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Weaving wasthe secondary source of Income after pastures and agriculture during British Rule
Later Bristishers damaged Indian textile Industry to sustain their cotton Industry.
Only raw materials were now available.
Later, Gnadhiji started Charkha to boost Indian Economy.
Today, Indian Textiles are exported to almost all parts of the world.
India's strength in this sector :-
Abundant Cheap labour
Local Resources
Law capital Investments
Unique craftsmanship that is appreciated around the globe.
India's weakness in this sector :-
Low literacy and poor education
Poor exposure to modern technology
Lack of adequate finance to invest in raw materials
National Handloom Day ; 7 Aug
Important Points :-
- MoU signedbetwen MSDE (Rajiv Pratap Rudy ) and Minister of Textiles
- To increase income and better production facilities
- At present, 28 weavers service centres are providing technical assistance to hadloom weavers.
Welfare Schemes by Government of India for weavers :-
Welfare measures for power-loom sector :-
Power-loom is a mechanized form of hand-loom
- Group Insurance Scheme :-
- Rs. 60,000 in case of natural death
- Rs 75,000 in case of partial disability due to accident
- Rs 1,50,000 in case of accidental death or permanent disability due to accident
Welfare measures for hand-loom sector :-
2. Welfare schemes for weavers :-
- Aam Admin Bima Yojana
- Rajiv Shilpi Swasthya BimaYojana
Welfare measures for jute sector :-
- Cleanliness in the mill area. (toilets, wash basins,etc )
- Scholarship for the promotion of education ( Jutemill workers'girls are given 15000 Rs 10th passed and 20,000 Rs to 12th passed candidates. )
- Life Insurance Scheme ( PM Jivan Jyoti Bima Yojana and PM Suraksha Bima Yojana)
Jute is biodegradable fiber. So it has very long future.
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Job creation and Inclusive Growth
> Demographic dividend ( about 66.6 % are youth) and Growing workforce .
> Gloomy economy , yet India stands out with 7%growth rate .
> India's advantage over Bangladesh and Vietnam as they are depended on exports.
But India has a large demand within the country because of a very large domestic market.
In terms of PPP (People purchasing Power), India is only behind US and China.
Exports contribute only 10-13% to India. So,Reduction in Exports will not affect us too much.
Employment Potential in Textile sector
5 crores people are directly employed and 6.7 crore people are indirectly employed in allied sectors like cotton and jute farming, sheep rearing and textile machinery .
Garment market is the biggest market in Textile sector in the world.
Inclusive Growth, Government should focus on Technology upgradation and Infrastructure Creation
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Emerging Exports Markets
Ibn Batuta wrote about the textiles sold in markets during the Sultanate Period.
In ancient India,Indian textiles were traded with China, Indonesia as well as with the Roman world. The Roman merchants were further replaced by Arab traders, then Portuguese (Vaco da Gama at the end of 15th century).
During Mughal period, raw silks were imported and various textiles were exported.
Main Points to remember :-
- India is the third largest exporter of textiles, with an 5.85 % share in textile market .
- Indian textile exports - $ 41 billion , great for our foreign exchange reserves.
Problems and Solutions
India's top 10 textile export market has no free trade agreement with it, with ann exception of Bangladesh ( because of SAFTA)
So,we need to diversify our export base, target mew emerging economies
(South East Asia ( Phillipines, Indonesia) ,
West Asia (Saudi Arabia),
North African countries (Morocco) ,
Eastern European markets (Ukrain, Latvia, Luthania) ,
Latin America (Mexixo, Brazil, Columbia, Peru) )
Indian should focus more on the exports of technical textiles too.
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TECHNICAL TEXTILES
Textiles engineered for specific end use
cradle
Cradle, Coffin
Coffin
Technical Textiles Product Groups :-
1) Agrotech - Agriculture, Horticulture, and Forestry
2) Buildtech - Building and Construction
3) Clothtech - Technical components of shoes and clothing
4) Geotech - Geotextiles, Civil Engineering
5) Hometech - Furnitures,Household textiles, floor coverings .
6) Indutech - Cleaning, Filtration and other Industrial purposes
7) Meditech - Hygine and Medical
8) Mobitech - Automobiles, Shipping,Railways, etc
9) Packtech - Packaging
10) Oekotech - Environmental protection
11) Protech - Personal and Property protection
12) Sportech- Sport and Leisure
Challenges in Technical Textiles Industry :-
- Lack of speciality raw materials, Technology, Skilled manpowerand worldclass R&D faciities
Types of Silk :-
1) Mulberry silk is produced by Bombyx Mori.
2) Tropic tasar
3) Oak tasar
4) Er
3) Muga
( Except Mulberry, rest are called as VANIA silk)
About 80% of the silk produced in India is mulberry silk, mostly in Karnataka, Tamil nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
India is the 2nd largest producer and 3rd largest consumer of silk.
India is the only country in the world to produce all the 5 varieties of silk.
India has the Global monopoly on muga silk (only India produces it)
India has world class research organisations with highly qualified persons.
Challenges for the Indian Silk Industry :-
- Urbanization in traditional Sericulture areas . ( It causes increase in land and labour cost . So, Industry often doesn't sustain). So we can shift to non traditional sericulture area like MP having areable land
- Depleting Water Table
- Conversion task of raw materials by improved machines to meet International standards.
- Global Brand Recognition
- Adequate thrust for Vania Silk (India has 80% Mulberry silk produe, so we should focus also on Vania silk as it has also good market across the world. )
KHADI (The Icon of Indian Indepndence)
Khadi Spirit means fellow (brotherhood) feeling with every human being on earth
Gandhi and Khadi
- Khadi movement empowered villagers and women.
- *(may come in IAS prelims) Gandhi set up All India Spinners' Association in 1925
- Icon of Independence movement. (As due to the availability of Khadi , People started boycotting and burning Western textiles )
Challenges Before us :-
- How to make Khadi more affordable without compromising with its basic philosophy ( Philosophy includes Dignity of labour, decentralization , non violence and simplicity)
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